The economy is suffering from something like a summer
swoon. In the words of business columnist Jimmy Pethokoukis, the recovery
summer has gone bust. We all know this from the sloppy statistics coming in
for jobs, retail sales and, most recently, manufacturing. But market-based
indicators are telling the same story.
Let's start with the Treasury bond
market. Yields have fallen to 2.6 percent today from 4.1 percent last April.
Decomposing this Treasury rally shows that
real yields have dropped 79 basis points,
which is a signal of lower economic expectations.
Meanwhile, inflation break-even TIPS (Treasury
inflation-protected securities) have fallen 64 basis points, showing that
price expectations also have dropped. The consumer price index has only
risen 1 percent over the past year. And long-term inflation fears have
fallen all the way to 1.7 percent. It's not deflation. It's disinflation.
The corporate-bond market shows a similar decline of
economic-growth and profits expectations. Credit-risk spreads are widening.
The spread between investment-grade corporate bonds and risk-free Treasuries
has widened by 62 basis points, while higher-yielding junk-bond spreads have
increased by 138 basis points.
Now, all these bond-market indicators
don't tell us a whole lot about the future. But they are corroborating the
summer slump in the present. Lower inflation is a
good thing, but lower
growth is not.
And here's another hitch in the story. Using the
break-even TIPS, the Federal Reserve's zero target rate is really minus 1.7
percent, which is the same sort of negative real interest rate we had in the
early and mid-2000s. This is undoubtedly why Kansas City Fed President
Thomas Hoenig is worried about a new boom-bust cycle.
Hoenig calls the Fed's latest
decision to maintain the zero-interest-rate target a "dangerous gamble."
Those are strong words of criticism leveled at Ben Bernanke and the other
Fed bigwigs. Hoenig says the financial emergency is over and predicts a
modest economic recovery that requires small
increases in the Fed's
target rate -- still accommodative, but slightly less so.
Hoeing also echoes the fears of Stanford economist and
former Treasury official John Taylor, who argues that the Fed is keeping its
target rate too low for too long, just as it did between 2002 and 2005.
Are we doomed to repeat the boom-bust cycle? Very few
people agree with Hoenig and Taylor. But one market that does is gold. While
bond rates have been declining this summer, gold has jumped $100, and it is
hovering near its all-time nominal high. That's food for thought.
And let me repeat my own mantra: The Fed can produce new
money, but it cannot produce new jobs. Fiscal policy -- and its threat of
overtaxing, over-regulating and overspending -- is what's ailing the
economy. And that threat is reverberating through stock and bond markets.
(The stock market, by the way, is still about 11 percent less than its
late-April peak.)
So the long-run message of the gold
rally may be this: The Fed may print too much money, but taxes and
regulations may hold back the production of goods and services. And if too
much money chasing too few goods is inflationary, then lower taxes and
regulations to encourage more
goods would promote stronger prosperity and domestic price stability.
Free market and supply-side father Robert Mundell argued
for lower tax rates and stable money. Is anyone listening?